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Song et al. The global epidemiology of chronic cough in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Respir J. 2015; 45: 1479–1481. Spatiotemporal: ( i) Average walking speed (WS) as the ratio between total distance and time to complete the test; ( ii) average stride duration (SD) as the ratio between time to complete the test and the number of strides; ( iii) average stride frequency (SF) as the total number of strides divided by the time needed to complete the test. The number of strides was automatically obtained through a peak detection algorithm on the ML angular velocity signals measured by the two IMUs on the shanks [ 41]; Cameron, A. & Askew, N. in EUSeaMap - Preparatory Action for development and assessment of a European broad-scale seabed habitat map final report. EC contract no. MARE/2008/07. 240 pp. (JNCC, 2011). Du, J., Blanche, T.J., Harrison, R.R., Lester, H.A. & Masmanidis, S.C. Multiplexed, high density electrophysiology with nanofabricated neural probes. PLoS One 6, e26204 (2011). Swindale, N.V. & Spacek, M.A. Spike detection methods for polytrodes and high density microelectrode arrays. J. Comput. Neurosci. 38, 249–261 (2015).
Arnaud-Haond, S. et al. Vicariance patterns in the Mediterranean Sea: east-west cleavage and low dispersal in the endemic seagrass Posidonia oceanica. J. Biogeogr. 34, 963–976 (2007). Colantoni, P., Gallignani, P., Fresi, E. & Cinelli, F. Patterns of Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile beds around the Island of Ischia (Gulf of Naples) and in adjacent waters. Mar. Ecol. 3, 53–74 (1982). Henze, D.A. et al. Intracellular features predicted by extracellular recordings in the hippocampus in vivo. J. Neurophysiol. 84, 390–400 (2000). Therefore, it is crucial to (i) undertake specific actions to mitigate the threats causing regression and (ii) promote good conservation practices before the seagrasses regress, thereby allowing these habitats to fulfil their key roles in coastal areas. Zeater, N., Cheong, S.K., Solomon, S.G., Dreher, B. & Martin, P.R. Binocular visual responses in the primate lateral geniculate nucleus. Curr. Biol. 25, 3190–3195 (2015).
Meltzer et al. Prevalence and Burden of Chronic Cough in the United States. J of Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2021; 9:4037-44.
Badalamenti, F., Alagna, A., D’Anna, G., Terlizzi, A. & Di Carlo, G. The impact of dredge-fill on Posidonia oceanica seagrass meadows: regression and patterns of recovery. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 62, 483–489 (2011).Marre, O. et al. Mapping a complete neural population in the retina. J. Neurosci. 32, 14859–14873 (2012). After returning to the bungalow, Smith was questioned by police and released. She would later be charged with murder and drug-related offenses after telling the National Enquirer she supplied and injected “speedballs” to Belushi. Smith spent 15 months in prison after pleading guilty to involuntary manslaughter and three of the drug charges. “I know I’m the last person who saw him alive. I know what he did for the last 24 hours,” Smith told Rolling Stone in 1982. “It was just the Hollywood scene, really, nothing out of the ordinary.” Stability: Normalized Root Mean Square ( nRMS) of the acceleration measured at pelvis, trunk, and head levels. The values were obtained for the AP, ML, and CC signal components as well as the magnitude value. High nRMS values have been associated with higher levels of acceleration, and hence, decreased stability [ 42]; Pergent, G. La protection légale de la Posidonie en France: un outil efficace. Nécessité de son extension a d’autres pays méditerranéens in Les Espèces Marines a Protéger en Méditerranée: Rencontres scientifiques de la Cote Bleue (eds Boudouresque, C. F., Avon, M. & Gravez, V. ) 29–34 (GIS Posidonie, 1991). A loss of 30% of the meadows was reported along the Ligurian coasts since the 1960 s 20, whereas our estimate was 19%. In France, a P. oceanica regression of 23% was reported over the last 50 years, or, in more detail, 2% in Corsica (Cap Corse) in the last 15 years, 9.5% since the 1960’ (St. Florent), 4.3–5% in Marseille-Cortiou 49 and 90% along the coast of Marseille in the last 100 years 11. Our estimate for the French continental coast is equal to an average of 9%. In those cases where estimates differ, discrepancies are likely due to problems of accuracy of historical maps, which were identified by authors working in these areas 14, 20, 21.
Mayot, N., Boudouresque, C. F. & Leriche, A. Unexpected response of the seagrass Posidonia oceanica to a warm-water episode in the North Western Mediterranean Sea. C. R. Biologies 328, 291–296 (2005). Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is considered a major cause of mortality and long-term physical, cognitive, and behavioural disability in young adults, especially in high-income countries [ 1, 2, 3, 4]. When the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score (in the acute phase) is 8 or less [ 5], TBI is categorized as severe (sTBI). Lower quality of life is caused by disability following sTBI, which restricts daily activities and social interactions [ 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11]. Balance and gait issues are frequently evident in sTBI patients [ 12, 13], which increase their risk of falling and have a severe impact on their ability to perform activities of daily living (ADLs), their quality of life, and their ability to reintegrate into society [ 14, 15]. From a clinical point of view, locomotor evaluation allows a quantification of gait quality; wearable devices, such as the inertial measurement units (IMUs), permit the quantitative estimation of walking parameters such as walking speed, stride frequency, and stride length either in ecological environments (i.e., hospital, clinic) or in real-life scenarios [ 16]. We are aware that the current study presents some limitations. First of all, we had many dropouts along the course of the study due to COVID-19 infections, potentially increasing Type-II error in the last assessment session (T3). As for our sample, the mean age is similar to that used in previous studies carried out on patients with severe TBI [ 20, 54], but further studies could also evaluate the potential effect of sex and age as confounding factors on the clinical outcomes in this population. Wise, K.D. & Najafi, K. Microfabrication techniques for integrated sensors and microsystems. Science 254, 1335–1342 (1991).
VBel: Methodology, Writing—original draft, Writing—review and editing. VBet: Writing—review and editing. AM: Writing—review and editing. DD: Writing—review and editing, Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Writing—original draft. Funding Roland Belluscio, M.D. completed his fellowship training in cardiology at Beth Israel Hospital following his residency training in internal medicine at the University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey in Newark, where he also received his medical degree. Dr. Belluscio has held numerous leadership and membership positions throughout his career, including director of critical care and medical director of the cardiac life support training program at Riverview Medical Center, as well as president of the Monmouth County Division of the American Heart Association. Thirty sTBI inpatients were enrolled based on consecutive sampling within a six-month time window. This sample size met the minimum requirement set by an a priori power analysis for nonparametric between-group comparisons conducted on preliminary data (α = 0.05; β = 0.8; ES = 0.6) [ 30]. According to this sample size estimation procedure, each group should have had at least 13 patients. All participants were at their first neurorehabilitation admission since trauma. Almost all the patients selected suffered from sTBI as a consequence of a traffic accident, whereas two people suffered from sTBI due to a fall off a horse. Inclusion criteria were: aged between 15 and 65 years, Level of Cognitive Functioning (LCF) ≥ 7 [ 31]. Prior traumatic brain injury, cognitive deficits affecting comprehension of task instructions (Mini-Mental State Examination score of 24), severe unilateral spatial neglect (diagnosed using a battery of tests including the Letter Cancellation Test, Barrage Test, Sentence Reading Test, and Wundt–Jastrow Area Illusion Test), and severe aphasia, the presence of other neurological and psychiatric diseases, and the presence of orthopaedic or cardiac comorbidities that would limit participation in the experimental and conventional training were the exclusion criteria.
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